Heinrich Hertz

Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the German physicist who caught radio waves red-handed. He took James Clerk Maxwell's beautiful but abstract prediction — that invisible electromagnetic waves should exist — and actually made them, sent them across his lab, and proved they were real. He died tragically young at 36, but his name is now spoken millions of times a day.

Counting waves per second

In the late 1880s Hertz built a spark generator and a simple loop of wire as a detector, and watched sparks jump across the gap when unseen waves reached it — the first radio transmission and reception. Because he mastered the relationship between a wave's frequency, wavelength and its wave speed, the unit of frequency — one cycle per second — is named the hertz. Every "MHz" on a radio dial or "GHz" on a computer chip is a nod to him.

Here's the wonderful irony: when asked what his discovery was good for, Hertz reportedly shrugged that it had no practical use at all — it just proved Maxwell right. Within a couple of decades, that "useless" curiosity became radio, television, mobile phones and Wi-Fi. Hertz also stumbled onto the photoelectric effect, where light knocks electrons out of metal — a clue that would later help spark quantum physics. He kept opening doors without realising what lay beyond them.